Imperalism in Algeria Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Imperalism in Algeria - Term Paper Example As a result of this, the wave of imperialism spread from the present day rich countries to the present day third world countries. With imperialism came colonization since this was the only way that the powerful nations would be able to derive the raw materials they so desired. Continents like Africa were adversely affected by the wave of imperial ism since at the time; they were amongst the least civilized and developed politically, economically and culturally. Therefore, the powerful nations came up with new civilizations and they introduced new cultures to the weaker nations. Apart from this, they empowered the weaker nations economically and politically so that they would be at par with the rest of the nations in other parts of the world. However, the civilization did not come with its flaws. The weaker nations faced the oppression of the stronger nations due to a scramble of raw materials. The African continent had so many natural resources that had not been exploited such that E uropean leaders convened in Berlin in 1886 in a convergence whose theme has been referred to as The Scramble and partition of Africa3. Apart from industrialization, nationalism also contributed to the growth and spread of imperialism. Nationalism refers to the pride concerning one’s country. Various citizens of various nations were proud of their nations and their accomplishments, which also entailed taking over other areas. European nations started competing among themselves; hence, there was an enhanced pressure for these nations to practice imperialism so that a balance of power would be maintained in Europe. This was the genesis of the competition between European powers like France, Italy and Britain. It is important to note that when... It is evident from the study that imperialism began in ancient Roman cultures whereby stronger kingdoms extended their control to take over the weaker ones. The Industrial Revolution that occurred from 1800 necessitated massive raw materials for Europeans and a ready market for their manufactured products. This led to the scramble and partition of African nations by European powers. These European nations were powerful as compared to their African counterparts; hence, they had their way. They simply took over their lands. The French as compared to the British annexed large chunks of land as a means of expanding their empire, hence, block the expansion of the British Empire. The French set foot in Algeria in 1830, and for a century they ruled this country with the policy of assimilation whereby people were made to embrace French cultures. This was a divide and rule gimmick which ensured that the resistance was reduced. After a century and a quarter, the French decided to grant indepen dence to the Algerians. Although the French were not beaten in war, much credit must be given to the Algerians for resisting French rule between 1954 and 1962 in a series of wars. Independence was finally granted in 1962. After Independence, the leaders have tried to annihilate the French policies that were so characteristics of the colonial period. In the late 1960s, the government of Houri Boumediene, the then Algerian President, embarked on total arabization as a state goal and this went towards promoting the Arabic language in schools and in bureaucracies.

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Free essay Essay ‘It may be hard for an egg to turn into a bird: it would be a jolly sight harder for it to learn to fly while remaining an egg. We are like eggs at present. And you cannot go on indefinitely being just an ordinary, decent egg. We must be hatched or go bad.’ C. S. Lewis. Lewis’s hypothetical situation raises questions on how a person, the bird he is metaphorically referring to, must undergo a change to be able to advance through life. The characters in Tim Winton’s Cloudstreet must too experience this change in order to heal wounds and rekindle old relationships. The ways in which stability and change are explored by Winton in the novel that I will be discussing in my essay are, Cloudstreet represents both stability and change in the novel through the house being personified, tension and change are revealed through juxtaposition and resolution between Dolly and Rose, and the relationship between Oriel and Fish explores tension through the innate nature of each character. Before I begin my deconstruction of Cloudstreet I would like to explicitly address the aspects of context, reception, and values behind Tim Winton’s Cloudstreet. Cloudstreet was written while Winton was travelling through Europe away from his home in Perth, and so the novel develops a sense of reminiscence or ‘nostalgia’, as referred to by Michael McGirr, towards Winton’s romanticized home. Cloudstreet was writte n economic hardship and recession as well as a time around Aboriginal rights changing. The context in which the novel was written is important as it is reflected throughout the novel by a nostalgic tone and themes of reconciliation and hardship. Tim Winton’s Cloudstreet was the recipient of the prestigious Miles Franklin Literary Award in 1992, and since has become a well studied Australian novel by schools and scholars such as Michael McGirr and Yvonne Miels. The values explored in Cloudstreet allow the novel to be well received by a wide audience.

King Leopolds Ghost Essay -- essays research papers

Book Review of King Leopold's Ghost, by Adam Hochschild   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What some have considered to be the first international scandal of the modern era took place in the Congo from 1890 until 1910. King Leopold II of Belgium was at the head of this so-called scandal. Although Europe and the rest of the world seemed to have forgotten the victims of these crimes, there is a considerable amount of material to use when attempting to recreate the horror that took place in Leopold's Congo. This is exactly what Adam Hochschild is attempting to do by writing this book. By using the written words of mostly Europeans and Americans, which creates a distorted view of history, he wants to show that the Holocaust type event that took place in the Congo is something that should never be forgotten in our history. Hochschild also wants to show the heroism that took place afterwards in what became the first human rights movement of our time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hochschild does an excellent and detailed job of showing how clever and cunning (like a fox) Leopold was in obtaining and maintaining his hold in the Congo. Early on Leopold became obsessed with the idea of colonies and the profit that they could bring to his country. In the beginning he did not attempt to cover-up this ambition, but soon realized he needed to in order to have the approval of those countries around him. The metaphor Hochschild uses to explain Leopold's venture into the Cong...

Somali Pirates and the Response of The United States Essay -- Piracy

To begin, pirates have been prowling the seas as far back as ancient times, such as the â€Å"Phoenicians and Greeks in the Mediterranean.† As well Muslim piracy as Jihad has existed since the 17th Century along the Barbary Coast of North Africa.2 These pirates were known as Barbary corsairs, and they would attack ships from Christian countries, seizing their ships and, and selling the sailors into slavery. Today, Somali pirates are seizing ships and taking hostages for ransom along the waters off the coast of Somali and the Gulf of Aden. The root of the Somali pirates was established then put into motion after the Somali Civil War and the fall of the Barre regime in 1991, the last functioning government.4 Along with the government, also went the countries one time functional coastguard, and thus the Somali waters became the site of a global "free for all," foreign fishing fleets illegally looted Somali fishing stocks and would keep the rudimentarily-equipped Somali fishermen from fishing their own waters, in addition Somali fishermen has accused Europeans of dumping toxic and nuclear waste off Somalia's shore. For these reasons the first pirate gangs materialize in the early 90’s to defend against foreign trawlers.4 Since 2005 these pirate gangs have grown and have been seizing ships holding them and their crews hostage for ransoms that range in the millions of dollars. The pirate assemblage is said to be made up of three different groups of people first, ex-fishermen who are the brains of the group, they kno w the sea, and how to operate the boats.5 Second, the ex-militiamen the muscle of the group, they have fought for the different clan warlords, and know how to use their weapons.5 Finally, the technical expert the computer g... ...PARTMENT OF THE NAVY - NAVAL HISTORY & HERITAGE COMMAND. September 28, 2009. http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/piracy_hornafrica.htm (accessed April 19, 2012). Samatar, Abdi Ismail. "Will the London conference change Somalia's future?" Al Jazeera. Febuary 07, 2012. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/02/20122395853170145.html (accessed April 19, 2012). Tharoor, Ishaan. "How Somalia's Fishermen Became Pirates." TIME WORLD. April 18, 2009. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html (accessed April 19, 2012). "U.S. Jury Convicts 5 Somali Men in Pirate Attack on Navy Ship." FOX News Network. November 24, 2010. FOX News Network (accessed April 19, 2012). Zijlma, Anouk. "Somali Pirates A Guide to Somalia's Modern Day Pirates." About.com Africa Travel. http://goafrica.about.com/od/africanews/a/pirates.htm (accessed April 19, 2012).

Immanuel Kant Metaphysics of Morals Essay

Kant argued that moral requirements are based on a standard of rationality he dubbed the â€Å"Categorical Imperative† (CI). Immorality thus involves a violation of the CI and is thereby irrational. This argument was based on his striking doctrine that a rational will must be regarded as autonomous, or free in the sense of being the author of the law that binds it. The fundamental principle of morality ? the CI ? is none other than this law of an autonomous will. Thus, at the heart of Kant’s moral philosophy is a conception of reason whose reach in practical affairs goes well beyond that of a Humean ?slave’ to the passions. Moreover, it is the presence of this self-governing reason in each person that Kant thought offered decisive grounds for viewing each as possessed of equal worth and deserving of equal respect. In Kant’s terms, a good will is a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands or as he refers to this, by the Moral Law Kant’s analysis of commonsense ideas begins with the thought that the only thing good without qualification is a ? good will’. While the phrases ? he’s good hearted’, ? she’s good natured’ and ? she means well’ are common, ? the good will’ as Kant thinks of it is not the same as any of these ordinary notions. The idea of a good will is closer to the idea of a ? good person’, or, more archaically, a ? person of good will’ The basic idea is that what makes a good person good is his possession of a will that is in a certain way ? determined’ by, or makes its decisions on the basis of, the moral law The idea of a good will is supposed to be the idea of one who only makes decisions that she holds to be morally worthy, taking moral considerations in themselves to be conclusive reasons for guiding her behavior. This sort of disposition or character is something we all highly value. Kant believes we value it without limitation or qualification. First, unlike anything else, there is no conceivable circumstance in which we regard our own moral goodness as worth forfeiting simply in order to obtain some desirable object Second, as a consequence, possessing and maintaining one’s moral goodness is the very condition under which anything else is worth having or pursuing. Intelligence and even pleasure are worth having only on the condition that they do not require giving up a commitment to honor one’s fundamental moral convictions In Kant’s terms, a good will is a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands or as he refers to this, by the Moral Law A holy ordivine will, if it exists, though good, would not be good because it is motivated by thoughts of duty. argues that a dutiful action from any of these motives, however praiseworthy it may be, does not express a good will and other outcomes of lawful behavior. Indeed, we respect these laws to the degree, but only to the degree, that they do not violate values, laws or principles we hold more dear. Yet Kant thinks in acting from duty that we are not at all motivated by a prospective outcome or some other extrinsic feature of our conduct. We are motivated by the mere conformity of our will to law as such Kant holds that the fundamental principle at the basis of all of our moral duties is a categoricalimperative. It is an imperative because it is a command (e. g. , â€Å"Leave the gun. Take the cannoli.†) More precisely, it commands us to exercise our wills in a particular way, not to perform some action or other. It is categorical in virtue of applying to us unconditionally, or simply because we possesses rational wills, without reference to any ends that we might or might not have. It does not, in other words, apply to us on the condition that we have antecedently adopted some goal for ourselves. Kant’s first formulation of the CI states that you are to â€Å"act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. † First, formulate a maxim that enshrines your reason for acting as you propose. Second, recast that maxim as a universal law of nature governing all rational agents, and so as holding that all must, by natural law, act as you yourself propose to act in these circumstances. Third, consider whether your maxim is even conceivable in a world governed by this law of nature. If it is, then, fourth, ask yourself whether you would, or could, rationally will to act on your maxim in such a world. If you could, then your action is morally permissible. Kant held that ordinary moral thought recognized moral duties toward ourselves as well as toward others. Hence, together with the distinction between perfect and imperfect duties, we recognize four categories of duties: perfect duties toward ourselves, perfect duties toward others, imperfect duties toward ourselves and imperfect duties toward others Kant’s example of a perfect duty to others concerns a promise you might consider making but have no intention of keeping in order to get needed money At the heart of Kant’s moral theory is the position that rational human wills are.

A Mediocre Photographers Guide to Professional Photography

A Mediocre Photographers Guide to Professional Photography I’ve been a freelance writer for thirteen years. While I’m mainly a writer, hundreds of my photographs have been published in books, magazines, newspapers, and online. I’ve made thousands of dollars from my photos, yet I’m at best a mediocre photographer. I’m not a visual person, and I’ve taken only one â€Å"easy A† college photography class that was back in the days of dark rooms and print film. I’m not alone. Many writers supplement their income with photos even if they aren’t primarily photographers. Here are some tips to help you augment your writing income with your photos. This isn’t a beginner’s guide to photography - there are plenty of those already - but rather a guide to using your current level of ability to its best advantage. Always Use the Highest Resolution: Set your camera to the highest resolution and largest format and leave it there. Even if your assignment is for an online publication that uses small, low-res images, you never know when you’ll need those large, high-res images for print media. Print requires at least 300 dpi (dots per inch). Go beyond that. Why? Because bigger pictures mean you can crop more and zoom in on details better, and a little blurriness disappears when you scale it down. Quantity Begets Quality: The trick to taking good photos is taking a lot of photos. Pros know this, and it’s doubly important for amateurs. The digital era has made taking photos virtually free, so click away. You’ll find plenty of wheat in the chaff. Also avoid the manual setting. As travel writer Pam Mandel says, â€Å"Everything that teaches you about going pro wants you out of automatic. But you know what? Cameras are smarter and smarter these days and if you don’t understand what’s happening with the light, it’s okay to use auto or the presets.† Take a Combination of Vertical and Horizontal Shots, Close-ups and Wide Views: Editors love choice and often pick a particular photo as much for how it fits into the layout as for the content. Give them a wide variety and more than the article actually requires.    Subject Is Everything: The more interesting your subject, the less your readers will notice your lack of talent. Take this photo, for instance. It’s of a castle in Gondar, Ethiopia. Wait, a castle in Ethiopia? Yep. Pretty, too. You might almost overlook the lack of people or the overly wide foreground. The first problem can be solved Spotting a Good Shot: Keep your camera handy and your eyes open for unusual, funny, or arresting images. Sometimes the best shots only last an instant. Another important aspect is depth. Freelancer Kyle Ellison says, â€Å"My wife, who takes far better photos than I, keeps hammering home the importance of depth in my photos. Depth! Depth! A   sunset over a horizon is flat and 2D, whereas a sunset over a horizon with a palm frond in front of it is 3D.† Photo Editors Are Your Friends: I’m talking both computer programs and people here. Inexpert photographers often over- or underexpose their shots, or improperly frame them like that castle photo. If Photoshop is beyond you, even basic programs like Paint and GIMP allow you to crop, resize, adjust brightness, and more. It’s a lot easier to make a perfect shot than to take a perfect shot. Beyond that, your publisher has a real live photo editor who knows much more than you do. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. Chances are they’ll fiddle with your photos anyway. And make sure you know your market. Ellison adds, â€Å"It’s important to look at the types of photos being published in the outlets you’re looking at. You could be the most artistic photog on Earth, but if your personal ‘style’ isn’t what usually publishes then it probably isn’t going to happen.† Creative Commons Is Your Friend: Still can’t get a decent shot? Use someone else’s expertise. There are countless images under the Creative Commons license freely available free for commercial use. Two of the best sources are Wikimedia Commons and Flickr. The photo-sharing site Flickr, a photo-sharing site, is the better of the two because more of its photos are high resolution. Additionally, if you’re covering an organized event, ask the press officer if they have photos available. Institutions such as museums or convention and visitor’s bureaus generally have a stock of images. There are many types of Creative Commons licenses. Make sure the owner allows commercial use. If she doesn’t, it never hurts to ask if you can use it. The worst she can do is say no. Some licenses require that you don’t alter the photo, an annoying restriction, and the vast majority ask for credit. Send the photographer a copy of the finished work. Building up friendly relations with pros is always a good idea. So don’t sweat your lack of artistic talent. Get snapping!

Documentary film called The Corporation.

Documentary film called The Corporation. Introduction The documentary identifies that corporations often apply some potentially harmful techniques in their production system as they seek to increase their profits. There has not been a lot of interest in identifying the potential harm that some production processes in corporations pose to ordinary people since most people have not been affected directly.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Documentary film called The Corporation. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The documentary goes ahead to give real life examples of how corporations are overlooking even basic human rights in their quest to grow and increase their competitive edge in the market. While it is identified that corporations are participating in unethical practices, apparently the liability cannot be placed on one specific person. The growth of corporations as it is explained in the documentary, promises a not so rosy picture of our future. The most unfortunate part is that we are all responsible for the unethical practices of these corporations since we fuel their greed by buying their products (Gevurtz, 2010). After identifying the inefficiencies that are inherent in corporations, the documentary raises the question of how we can manage the behavior of corporations to ensure that there are no innocent people who are being hurt by their activities. Among the issues identified as the major motivators of corporations and their behavior is the particular aspect identified as the corporate veil, corporate person-hood and the priorities of corporations in their production processes (Abbott Springer, 2010). Argument The documentary outlines some major issues that have to be addressed to stop the corporate irresponsibility, but these issues can only be solved if the particular motivators to corporate action are identified. It is identified that most strategic managers often make decisions based on the particular well-being of the company as opposed to the well-being of the people that the company serves. This is worsened by the fact that there is always a monetary attachment to every decision made as it is identified that the number one driver behind corporate conduct is profit maximization. On the other hand, there is the compulsion to behave and produce their goods and services responsibly and this can only stem from legal liabilities (Kraakman, 2009). It has been identified that the legal system is weak and inefficient in attaching some form of responsibility to corporate actions. Limited Liability It is identified in the documentary that the main reason why corporations do not feel compelled to act responsibly is because there is no one in particular to take responsibility for the decisions made. While the owners of the corporation may be identified as the major beneficiaries of these unethical acts, they are not liable for any negative repercussions as their liability in the corporation is limite d to their stake in the company.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is quite unfortunate as it is identified in the documentary that some of the repercussions of unethical corporate conduct often end tragically (Gevurtz, 2010). This should warrant quite some substantial amount of liability, but it is often identified that the company is fined a particular amount of money, which is sometimes identified as quite negligible considering the huge capacity of these corporations. The corporate veil, as it is sometimes identified, often shields the owners of a company from any major responsibilities even though they are often the powers behind most of the corporate actions (Kraakman, 2009). While human nature dictates that one has to want more out of his or her investments, this should not justify some of the actions that corporate shareholders take. While it may be allowed to take advantage of resources that are available in the market, it is important to identify that there are some repercussions to such actions (Macmillan, 2004). The ethical thing to do would be to take responsibility of those repercussions and seek to mitigate the negative effects. It is, however, identified that since most owners of these corporations are absolved by law from taking any personal responsibilities of the actions of their corporations, they do not feel compelled to mitigate the negative effects. This is perhaps the reason behind the recurrence of the negative actions as it is identified in the documentary. While some corporations may be erred in a particular country for employing children as it is identified in the case of sweat shops, they will continue with similar activities in another country even though they have already identified that it is wrong (Greenfield, 2006). All over history laws have been made to tame the wild nature of humanity as it is ident ified that our selfishness has the tendency to make act irrationally. There is, therefore, a need to evaluate the particular aspect of liability in as far as corporations are concerned to as to identify any new solutions to corporate irresponsibility (Abbott Springer, 2010). The fact that some of the liability extends to the particular strategic managers in a company serves to at least manage their behavior. It is often identified that when monetary liability is attached to a person, he or she may not be too serious in avoiding negative repercussions as he or she knows that there may be more money to be made through the same corporation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Documentary film called The Corporation. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Personal responsibility on the other hand serves to deter people from making unethical decisions. This is because of the particular fear of serving a prison term or lo sing their family property. The solution to the particular corporate greed and irresponsibility that is identified in the documentary may, therefore, lies in the attachment of the shareholders as well as the particular strategic managers responsible for these negative decisions, personal property (Gevurtz, 2010). It is identified that in countries such as China, companies that make products that are injurious to the health of the general population are often fined heavily and the owners as well as the managers serve some prison time. This ensures that such cases do not recur and the rest of the population is advised against such acts. This is common especially in the construction industry. Corporate Person-hood It is identified that the corporate person-hood is quite distinct from the legal definition especially when it comes to acting ethically. While by law corporations may be treated as independent entities their owners are identified to enjoy being part of the corporations even though they are not held responsible for their actions. It is important to note that the particular aspect of person-hood serves to ensure that some form of responsibility is attached to the actions of a corporation. The identification of who the corporation is in regard of unethical practices is, however, limited to the corporation itself and this often raises some problems when choosing to allocate responsibility for actions done. It is identified that this may be the reason behind the increase in court cases where monetary reprieves are offered to victims of corporate conduct (Macmillan, 2004). The fact that corporate person-hood suggests that the company should be able to empathize with their particular customers as well as other stakeholders in their production processes may not be accurate. Corporations often take the selfish nature of the people who run them and while they may be seeking to serve the general population, they still have some personal goals that they have to ac hieve with no regard for the value of human life. The current legal systems do not compel the corporations to act responsibly since they still treat them as financial entities and any form of legal recognition that they are given is based on their financial might (Greenfield, 2006). This is perhaps the reason behind the reduced activism to compel big corporations to act ethically. It is identified in the documentary that the bigger the corporation in terms if financial might, the more the complaints against its production processes. It has also been identified that the bigger a corporation is, the less responsibility they take in regard to the injuries that they inflict on to the general population. The financial might is also responsible for the evidenced circumventing of legal structures such that they do not have to take responsibility on their actions. This is even worse for corporations that have their operations in some of the developing and poor countries of the world where i t is identified that corruption is rampant.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Requirement to Maximize Shareholders’ Profits It is identified that the requirement by most shareholders that corporate managers increase the overall profits often forces them to come up with cost cutting as well as profit maximizing techniques. These profit maximizing actions are often harmful to either the customers or other stakeholders in the production process. The need to produce cheaply is identified as one major drivers behind the production of substandard products that are injurious to human health (Macmillan, 2004). Even though it is identified that most employees do not necessarily agree with some of the actions of the companies that they work for, they have to continue doing so since they depend on those jobs for their livelihood. One of the cases identified in the documentary is that of a woman and her children who were injured and heavily scared after their car, which was involved in an accident, caught fire. It was later identified that the fire was due to a de sign flaw that GM had previously identified in its quest to reduce production costs (Greenfield, 2006). The strategic managers at GM then chose to cut the total cost of producing that car by launching a product that had design flaws. In this case, the need to maximize profits resulted in physical harm, but the law in most cases is silent on cost reduction mechanisms citing coverage by the identified safety standards. There is, therefore, a need to set up clear laws that define the particular limits of profit maximization strategies as sometimes it is identified that there is no particular limit as to whatever lengths that strategic managers in a corporation may be willing to go to increase their profits. Personal responsibility should, however, prevail when employees are faced with dilemma on ethical business practices (Kraakman, 2009). Conclusion The current legal guidelines that corporations subscribe to are still inefficient in terms of liability and even though it is identified that they were designed to ensure that corporations are self sustaining, there should be a limit in regard to the level of autonomy that they enjoy. It is identified that while many decisions are done by people who have a stake in the corporations, they do not seem to care what the effects of their actions may be since they have nothing to lose in case of a negative eventuality (Abbott Springer, 2010). There is, therefore, the need to ensure that corporations have a limit as to the particular actions that they can take to increase their competitive edge in the market as well as their profits. If legal structures are put in place they may be able to limit the amount of liabilities that are raised due to unethical corporate actions. These may be tied to the particular liability of all the stakeholders in the organization or clear guidelines on industry practices in regard to the particular limits of production processes so as to reduce negative repercussions. This should also be able to reduce the current legal as well as the political might that corporations enjoy. This is identified as one of the major reasons behind unethical practices since they know they can get away with anything that they do and there is not much that the victims can do and in case of legal liability they can just pay off the little fines that are imposed on them and continue with their unfair practices. References Abbott, H., S, Springer, F., M. (2010). Corporation Law: A Comprehensive Treatise on Federal and State Legislation Relative to Private and Public Service Corporations and Interstate Commerce. New York: BiblioBazaar. Gevurtz, F. (2010). Corporation law. New York: West. Greenfield, K. (2006). The failure of corporate law: fundamental flaws and progressive possibilities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kraakman, R., H. (2009). The anatomy of corporate law: a comparative and functional approach. New York: Oxford University Press. Macmillan, F. (2004). International corporat e law, Volume 1. New York: Hart Publishing.

Self-Driving Trucks Who’s in the Driver’s Seat

Self-Driving Trucks Who’s in the Driver’s Seat It’s a trucker’s worst nightmare- trucks that drive themselves! Getting nervous? Step on the brakes- although there may be a future where all trucks drive themselves and truckers aren’t needed, that future is not quite here yet. TruckersReport.com cuts through the noise and media hype, and sheds some light on the nation’s first self-driving truck, which has just hit the highway. Inspiration, the futuristic new truck imagined by Daimler Trucks North America, is a technological marvel, but it’s not quite ready to face the open road without a capable, qualified trucker in the cab. It has earned a Level 3 (Limited Self-Driving Automation) rating by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, which means that a certified driver must be behind the wheel at all times, even on stretches where it’s legally allowed to assume control of all safety-critical functions. In the event of an emergency, a human driver must be ready to assume control. T herefore, he or she must be road-ready at all times the vehicle is in operation!18What does this mean? Inspiration can only take control during clear, daytime driving on highways. In fact, it has built-in sensors that prevent it from going into auto-pilot mode during sub-optimal conditions- a neat built-in safety feature!So, should you be afraid that the era of the truck driver is rapidly coming to an end? Not anytime soon! Drivers will play an essential role in the shipping and hauling industry for the foreseeable future. Even if truckers were needed less behind the wheel, there are a wealth of other tasks they will be needed to perform, from loading and unloading freight to key administrative tasks, maintenance work, and more. Bottom line: spend less time worrying and more time being the best truck driver you can be!The Nation’s First Self-Driving Truck: Everything You Need To KnowRead More at www.thetruckersreport.com

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Ethics - Essay Example Since these duties would apply to every rational individual, ethics would prevail as individuals would be acting under universal laws that are absolute, therefore, without events of contradictions occurring (Kay, 2007). This paper will examine Maria von Herbert’s interaction with Kant as seen in the reading by Rae Langton, thus pointing out the problems, with Kantian ethics, their severity and how the Kantian can suitably respond. Firstly, it is crucial to examine the details of the letters and the events that followed in order to chronologically assess the situation and pinpoint the main issues. In Rae Langton’s reading, a theme of friendship between Maria von Herbert, a young Austrian and Kant seems to welcome the reader. Herbert is presented as a keen follower of Kant and even with the on-going enmity between Germany and Austria; she still seems to be devoted to Kant’s ideologies. In the season of autumn in 1791, Herbert wrote Kant a letter disclosing her suff ering caused by losing her lover due to revealing certain information to him. Agitated from emotion, she said that she had contemplated suicide but because of Kant’s theory, she had decided otherwise (Langton, 1992:2). Herbert felt that she should confess about a certain truth that she had not told her lover so that she could be at peace with herself. After confessing, the lover turned cold and the love that he had felt for Herbert faded, thus making Herbert miserable. Herbert had fortunately read Kant’s theories and since she was devoted to the Kantian ethics, she had decided not to take her own life as it would be morally unacceptable (Langton, 1992:2). Kantian ethics instructed that every individual was compelled by a duty to do what is morally right despite the consequences. In this context, Kant had argued that committing suicide was going against the categorical imperative, which in itself is a command that demands individuals not to commit suicide (Kant, 1785). Herbert was a staunch follower of Kantian ethics so she felt that it was morally wrong to commit suicide despite the pain and agony she was feeling. Although she had not taken her life, she wanted Kant to reveal to her, the values or worth of living such a miserable life with a lot of emotional pain and no good. She wanted Kant to give her an alternative that could make her feel that her life was worth once again. She also indicated that Kant’s philosophy had not helped her in dealing with her troubles (Langton, 1992:3). The letter evidently moved Kant as it conveyed a theme and a message of truth, virtue and honesty. These were qualities that moved Kant because he believed that speaking the truth was not only an ethical duty to oneself but to others (Mahon, 2009:214). Therefore, he sought a friend who advised him to reply to the letter. Kant talked about the dispute between desiring to keep individuals’ private matters to themselves and the need to openly talk about t hem especially when in a situation of immense love. Kant said individuals had an inward urge that set limits to excessive openness and allowed them to keep some aspects of life locked within them. Kant simply meant that it was ethically allowed for individuals to keep private matters to themselves but this was supposed to be recognised from lying (Langton: 1992: 3). Kant told Herbert that her lover had every right to be angry with her and she had to face the consequences of being dishonest. Kant declined to talk about suicide because he thought that talking

Describe the concept of privacy as an implied right and provide Essay

Describe the concept of privacy as an implied right and provide examples to demonstrate how different governments protect or infringe upon this right - Essay Example Several governments have enacted laws to maintain privacy. For instance, the G8 nations met in Washington (1997) and together decided to tackle high-tech crimes. The US government has some laws on safekeeping of network and computer, fortification of consumer and distance selling, protection of privacy and data. The UK government has played a part in privacy protection because of the ongoing growth and outburst of computing cloud, which impose a challenge to information technology. Hence, in November 2010, European commission, proposed a â€Å"right to be forgotten†. This enables internet users to delete their information on social networks permanently and further the progression of nondisclosure of information. Some governments have formed organizations to combat such cases like in Asia the very first response to incidence organization called â€Å"Korea Computer Emergency Response Team and Coordination Centre† (CERTCC-KR). In conclusion, it is clear to say that privac y is a solemn issue that should not be ignored (Sembok,

Nursing research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Nursing research - Assignment Example Some of the resources that have been of critical help in nursing research include the Virginia Henderson Global Nursing e-Repository. This repository offers nurses interested in research access to numerous articles and publications which can be used in evidence based-practice for free. The purpose of setting up this site was to present nurses with a repository that can help them improve their practice as well as patient care. In addition, there is a book titled ‘The Nurse’s Grant Writing Advantage’ which enlightens nurses interested in research on how to request for grants or sponsors who can fund their research. The page also presents Johns Hopkins Nursing evidence-based practice: Model and Guidelines Second Edition and Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice: Implementation and Translation. These books were developed by nurses working in the Johns Hopkins hospital and serve as reliable resources when nurses are seeking advice on how to implement evidence-b ased practice. Other books include ‘Evidence Based Design for Healthcare Facilities’ and ‘The International Textbook of Reflective Practice in Nursing’. These books offer nurses with reliable knowledge that can help them in nursing research. The final book presented on the site is titled, ‘Interpretive Phenomenology in Health Care Research’ which is also a critical source in health care research (Bowers-Lanier, 2012). Evidently, STTI forms partnerships with Global nurse leaders in a bid to develop a voice and a vision for the future in a platform named Global Advisory Panel on the Future of Nursing

Human Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Human Resources Management - Essay Example Reference is made to UNITE, a quite powerful trade union in Britain. It is proved that the power of trade unions in Britain has been reduced compared to the past; still, the decisive role of trade unions in promoting employment rights cannot be doubted. In UK, trade unions are a key element of ‘the country’s industrial relations system’ (Singh 2011, p.51). In order to understand the role of trade unions in UK it is necessary to refer to their characteristics and their relationship with their members. In Britain trade unions represent the workers through the ‘shop steward framework (Singh 2011, p.51). The term shop steward refers to the member of a trade union who has, simultaneously, two roles; ‘he occupies an official position in the union and he also works in an organization’ (Singh 2011, p.51). The definition of trade unions is included in the 1913 Trade Unions Act. According to the above Act a trade union is ‘any combination, whether temporary or permanent, the principal objects of which are†¦. the regulation of the relations between workmen and masters†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Jackson 1982, p.69). It is also noted that trade unions have the power to intervene in conflicts developed between employees, or those developed between employers, i.e. it is not necessary that the one party is a worker and the other is a master (Jackson 1982, p.69). Trade unions in Britain have three objectives: a) to keep the level of wages standardized preventing reductions in employees’ real income; in the same context, trade unions have the power to intervene when issues related to hours of work or conditions of work appear (Singh 2011, p.51); b) to promote full employment for all workers across UK and c) to support ‘the increase of power of workers in Britain’ (Singh 2011, p.51); in fact, due to the interventions of trade unions workers have been given the chance ‘to participate

U.S. Congress Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. Congress - Research Paper Example istics, which would range from data on party affiliation, the average age of the members, occupation, education levels, length of congressional service. Other characteristics include; their religious affiliation, gender, ethnicity, foreign births as well as military service (Brownworth). In the congress as at February 2013, the House of Representatives had a maximum of 232 republicans and 206 democrats plus 5 delegates and the resident commissioner. The senate on the other hand had 45 republicans against 53 democrats. There were also 2 independent who caucus with the democrats. At the beginning of the 113th tenure, the average age of the members of the congress was found to be 57.0 years while that of senators was 62.0 years. A majority of the members of the congress have attained at least a college education. The members dominantly possess professions ranging from public service/politics, business and law. The religion affiliation of most of the members is either Christians or Protestants with the largest single religious denomination being Catholics; 31% of the Members (136 in the House, 27 in the Senate) are Catholic. The length of service averagely of the representatives is averagely worked out to be 9.1 years, which is 4.6 terms; the senators’ term is 10 .2 years, which is 1.7 terms. The one hundred and thirteenth house has a record number of women that stands at one hundred; 18.5% of total membership. 80 of this number are found in the House a number that includes 3 delegates while 20 of these women are found in the senate (Brownworth). In terms of ethnicity, we have 43 African American members of the house while 2 are found in the senate. It is worth noting that this number includes two delegates. The same house has 38 Hispanic serving in the congress of which 34 are in the house including 1 delegate and the resident commissioner while 4 are there in the senate. 13 members of the house in the order of 10 who are the representatives, 2 delegates and 1

Human Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Human Resources Management - Essay Example Reference is made to UNITE, a quite powerful trade union in Britain. It is proved that the power of trade unions in Britain has been reduced compared to the past; still, the decisive role of trade unions in promoting employment rights cannot be doubted. In UK, trade unions are a key element of ‘the country’s industrial relations system’ (Singh 2011, p.51). In order to understand the role of trade unions in UK it is necessary to refer to their characteristics and their relationship with their members. In Britain trade unions represent the workers through the ‘shop steward framework (Singh 2011, p.51). The term shop steward refers to the member of a trade union who has, simultaneously, two roles; ‘he occupies an official position in the union and he also works in an organization’ (Singh 2011, p.51). The definition of trade unions is included in the 1913 Trade Unions Act. According to the above Act a trade union is ‘any combination, whether temporary or permanent, the principal objects of which are†¦. the regulation of the relations between workmen and masters†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Jackson 1982, p.69). It is also noted that trade unions have the power to intervene in conflicts developed between employees, or those developed between employers, i.e. it is not necessary that the one party is a worker and the other is a master (Jackson 1982, p.69). Trade unions in Britain have three objectives: a) to keep the level of wages standardized preventing reductions in employees’ real income; in the same context, trade unions have the power to intervene when issues related to hours of work or conditions of work appear (Singh 2011, p.51); b) to promote full employment for all workers across UK and c) to support ‘the increase of power of workers in Britain’ (Singh 2011, p.51); in fact, due to the interventions of trade unions workers have been given the chance ‘to participate

How Google Chooses Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How Google Chooses Employees - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Google is a rapidly growing organization. The speed at which it is growing is difficult for the HR department for the company keeps pace with filling the new vacancies. The company has to fill around two hundred positions every week. It is a tough task alone, but given the company’s HR department has to screen more than 100,000 jobs applications, the task becomes more complex. As a result, Google has to adopt several new and innovative ways to screen the human resource in the shortest possible time in order to start filling the jobs as quickly as possible. Google has to make sure that its recruitment and selection keeps pace with the growth targets. At any time it should not happen that there are vacancies that are not filled by the highly efficient human resource. Not only the pace is important, but the quality of staff is vital as well. IF the job vacancy is filled by average people, then they would not be able to keep up with the company’s growth policies and it would mean that the resources are lying idle. This is something that an organization like Google cannot afford. Training people to make them a better resource for a large organization like Google. Google needs to adopt recruitment and selection methods that are reliable and valid. Reliability refers to the instances that the several different measures of recruitment and selection yield the same results for Google. In other words, the selection methods should be such that they point towards a particular person or group of people. Validity means that the employees at Google are tested for what they can expect at the job. The best option for Google to ensure that its recruitment policies are in line with its growth target is to use human resource forecasting method.

Values And The American Culture Essay Example for Free

Values And The American Culture Essay The values that drive American culture as such are their ability to assess almost all of its situational issues boosting the ease with which they were able to adjust to changeable life conditions making sure the link of its race. This constitutes American behaviors, its mores and traditions which were handed down through generations with little modifications. This is its own culture. Like their gestures, eating habits, drinking habits, sex, and laughter which are all personality indicators are likewise their cultural markers. Even their food preferences and attitudes toward food which necessarily reveals their inner self is also a display of their culture, because food plays an important role in the lives of all people beyond its obvious one, a necessity. Sam Keen cites Geoffrey Gorer: the most significant common traits in these peaceful societies are that they all manifest enormous gusto for concrete physical pleasureeating, drinking, sex, laughterand they, they all make very little distinction between the ideal characters of men and women, particularly that they have no ideal of brave, aggressive masculinity ( Watters 2005), reminds me in particular of a proof of American culture having been developed through generations of varying grades of adjustments and alterations to continue to live and survive in the midst of fierce environmental situations. I think this is what most American teen-agers call an attitude of being cool! Normally however, things happen because something else took place, consequently, events takes place; a battery of events, a domino effect, because there are only few things that come to pass all by themselves. The above citation also reveals a view of a society that is exactly the living portraits of their ancestors; a society that is composed of people who are just as weak as those who nurtured them or the other way around. They look like disconcerted, unsettled group at one point; of what appears to be simpleton in ignorance for men and women alike can rise above the limits of physicality in determination to achieve the optimum level, a better and compromising society. That men and women alike can rise above carnality to supersede poor human idiosyncrasies and egocentricities. That men and women alike are capable of rising above the meager desires of the flesh. In other words, it is a pity, for these is how this particular group of people has been nurtured. The prayer of the poor souls by Mark Twain is indicative of that particular generation weakness in personalities. In this 21st century, who would rush out to applaud soldiers going to war? Who would go to church and pray that the soldiers be safe? People would think of it as a sickening idea. However, in the past that was their last recourse in the midst of tribulations for a prayerful congregation that seems to be lost and in need of some supreme powers to overtake the opponents, whose reasons for warfare is not so clear, who have no alternative but to suffer the chills of the uncertain, mercy from the Supreme Being for the children’s lives that will be lost including their very dreams, all of it is simply the result of their foolish obsessions. It was a reflection of the achievements in education and technology of the time. Praying for the security of forces in times of war, a war which was usually conducted as a result of overt desire for what is transient and materialistic, a war that simply runs counter to the ideals of preservation of life even at the fetal stages, for even in the most difficult problems in science and mathematics there are almost always solutions, there are those born physically defective that are even helped to bring about normal living. Bravery could have meant patience, learned, forgiving, persevering and endurance overlooking the mistakes of others, talking about matters on the tables of logic and reason, sourcing-out what can be afforded whether intellectual or material. For going to war is a mere reflection of bravery in cowardice, it is illiteracy in the midst of modernizing technology, it means plummeting economy, bankruptcy, too elementary an idea of hiding in the power of guns and bullets, the manly relief of those who have frustrations in their younger days. Why pray for those who go to war? Let them be, and let their desires be fulfilled to the fullest and let us see what beneficial results it would bring. War on the other hand is a balancing factor; its mortality factor is justifiable (Miller Levine 2002). The population must be equated with its resources. Otherwise, everyone will suffer for lack. It is a way of getting rid of what is surplus. Painful maybe as it seem, but, that is one glaring generality of a truth which people have to learn and accept. For if human population increase is merely brought about by desire and lust without considerations of the intellectual nature of people, then there must be some way to balance the situation without necessarily putting forth in public the real reasons for going to war. Mead presupposes that there are really people who are avid at inventions, eager to go to war (Watters 2005). This is simply just like a fashion show of prowess and might, a beguiling entrepreneur masking the motivations of greed, a game of the ignorant for in it there is no virtue. It is the making of the poor in spirit a dangerous invention of murky imaginations, an out-dated social waste. Of warfare’s and duels and fights are the painful consequences of improper family breeding, wrong values at the wrong places (Watters 2005). A concrete illustration of the concept of culture as eventualities can be seen through Samuel Langhorne Clemens life (Mark Twain 2006). From the time he was born until when he was a writer, where he made clear his fine evolution on how things were with him that brought about his totality as a person, an American personality. At one point in his life he used aliases, pseudonyms, and allegories to show major happenings and events that molded him into being. He could have been blunt and straightforward. But, looking back at his childhood years where he grew up moving from place to place as his family moved, adapting constantly to constant ecological changes, orphaned from a mother’s tender loving care, model by an uncompromising father, growing up with a bully aunt, which strained him to be smart at his age, in his own little way. He felt none in his family could be a confidante to a witnessed absurdity, to comfort him in dire need of a shield, to listen to his stories, to guide him through his journeys. Better are the hens and the chicks, the cats and its kittens, the dogs and its puppies, and the birds and its nestlings, even the lions and its cubs does have their own bonding ways. So, at the outset, he has to deal with his fears, deal with his own problems, and gain his own wits, create his own little world for a young boy at his age, pushing him to make decisions of his own to secure his life. Pity, but the prices of sternness, negligence in family responsibilities, bully, poverty, economic instability, politics, and war, has to be paid for tremendously, by the horrifying lives of those left behind to pursue an undefined journey. Does this mean life in America is indifference? Life is not that easy and rosy. Tom who is the male counterpart of various animals and Sawyer who saws timber (Merriam-Webster Inc. 2004) nicks across the very soul of Samuel Clemens, a reality of how one person can become because of the many and various factors that are sometimes, somehow, are beyond ones control. Nature as they say have its own ways of making a man, and molding him accordingly. Another life clarifies what brought about the American culture. Contrary to those fairytales, Louisa May Alcott as a teenager was riddled with the necessities early in life. She was supposed to be left at that young age to be bemused by the fleeting amenities of a young lady. But, the burden of working in the shadows of her dreams to bring about the basics of life seemed just inevitable to her. Multitasking was the name of her game to help finance her family needs. It is a show of the ability of women to find ways and means to sustain life. She was not bitter though. The story was also an eye-opener and disappointment to realize how some men are narrow in outlook in putting up with a simple family needs for sustenance. She pursued the unknown fields with tenacity to success, allayed fears and troubles. In her story â€Å"Little Men†, she bared another of the wholesome American family and its spirit, the willingness of granting opportunities to those in needs, without necessarily prejudicing family interest, without setting too many rules, making life easy and desirable (Alcott 1986). It also depicts the truth that more is given to some, and to others are less, and only the poor and the weak are the justification of the wealthy. To those who are given more, a lot more is required of them. Others may not realize this. But, others does, especially those who give themselves time to reflect for whatever comes and whatever leaves them. George W. Renwick, A Fair Go for All: Australian/American Interactions, 1991, wrote: The value systems of Australians and Americans combine competitive and cooperative strands, but in different ways. The Australian harmonizes them while the Americans see them as mutually exclusive and is torn between them. Americans are always ready to put themselves in competition with the group or groups to which they belong; it is often â€Å"either the group or me. † For the Australian it is the group and me, with a great deal of personal privacy as well. † Australians search for ways to collaborate with the competition while Americans seeks ways to â€Å"beat† it. The American position seems to be that too much cooperation weakens one’s advantage. This may stem, in part, from the different ways such values are inculcated. Much is made of mandatory participation in team sport in Australian schools. Americans place more emphasis on the outstanding individual and early on learn â€Å"spectatorism,† with its powerful identification with the few superior performers. Finally, another attribute which drives American culture is their preference to physical evidence and eyewitness testimony. They see facts as the supreme kind of evidence. Popular best-selling books weave their tales by giving clues to the appearance of physical evidence or fact: a button that is torn-off a sleeve, a telephone answering machine, a caller ID, and a bank-book of regular deposits or withdrawal, are all pieces of evidence from where American behavior, motivation and values are apparent (Lustig 1996). References Alcott, Luisa. Little Men. U. S. A: A Signet Classic. 1986. Lustig, Myron W. and Jolene Koester. Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal Communication Across Cultures.US: Harper Collins College Publishers. 1996. Miller, Kenneth R. Biology. Upper Saddle River: N. J. Prentice Hall. 2002. Renwick, George W. A Fair Go For All: Australian/American Interactions. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press. 1991. Tan, Amy. Fish Cheeks. New York: Ivy Books. 1989. The Merriam Webster Dictionary. Springfield, Massachusettes. Merriam-Webster Inc. 2004. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. (ed. Unabridged). New Delhi. UBSPD. (Original work published in 1876). 2006. Watters, Ann. Global Exchange. U. S. A: Stanford University. 2005.

Studies on Bioactive Tetrahydro Pyrimidine

Studies on Bioactive Tetrahydro Pyrimidine Chapter- 1 General Introduction 1 Chapter 1 General Introduction 1.1 Heterocycles in drug discovery Currently pharmaceutical manufacturing is facing many problems for research and development due to high costs and changeless existence of moieties in these days. According to research of human genome we got assumption that at least 1000 genes are involved in identified and non identified disease. For that research about 20,000 human genome had been decoded. Genetic science suggests that we have to develop 5,000-10,000 new drugs1.because these genes are linked with five and ten protein molecule. So we need to focus in development of low molecular weight drugs. The compounds must be containing specific pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties, which can show the properties of drugs. In these days scientists have many techniques to speed up the drug discovery process, like combinatorial chemistry, microwave-assisted organic synthesis, and high- throughput purification2. Actually, it is very difficult to select moiety with less molecular weight because less than 500 atomic mass unit is 10200, of which only 1060 may possess drug-like properties The proportion is one part in 1057, or roughly the ratio of the mass of one proton to the mass of the sun! The issue is therefore the selection of new molecules from this vast universe that have the potential to be biologically active3.It is important to do research work on medicinal chemistry to synthesis the biologically active bicyclic aromatic heterocycles which should be easily available commercially too. Here is the list of available bicyclic heterocycles is mainly limited to well-known nitrogen containing compounds, such as quinazolines (1), indoles Chapter- 1 General Introduction 2 (2) and benzimidazoles (3). Esatlished examples of privileged substructures include benzodiazepines (4), coumarins (5), quinoxalines (6), benzofurans (7) and benzothiophenes (8)5. In order to improve the hit rate in HTS campaigns,. This library is very helpful to develop active compound in many variety of biological assays. So many scientists have utilized these structures in such a manner. For example, Nicolau K. C. et al. constructed a library based on the benzopyran (9) privileged scaffold6, whereas Schultz P. G. et al. made use of the purine (10) scaffold7. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 3 O (9) Benzopyran N N NH N (10) Purine The benzopyran and purine privileged scaffold 1.2 Nomenclature of the fused ring system As the following chapters deal with the synthesis of bicyclic fused ring systems, its nomenclature is herewith shortly reviewed. The nomenclature follows the following rules: (1) The individual components are named without any application of fused ring system. (2) The parent component is represented in the fusion name by citing it last in the name. The parent component is the one with highest priority according to the following criteria: (a) heterocyclic compounds contains elements in ring. (b) a component containing the larger ring. (c) there are so many atoms of elements in the ring. (d) a component containing the greater variety of heteroatoms. (3) The attached component is then added as a prefix to the parent component. In the name of the prefix, the terminal e is changed to o. (4) The bonds of the parent component are indicated by a, b, c†¦starting with the bond normally occupying the 1,2 positions. The atoms of the attached component are numbered as usual, following the order of numbers in the original heterocycle. (5) The numbering of the final condensed heterocycle is carried out independently, starting at an atom adjacent to a bridged-head atom, whereby heteroatoms receive the smallest possible number. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 4 1.3 Objective:- â€Å"Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,3,4 tetra hydro pyrimidines† will be done. To study the pharmacological and medicinal applicationapplication of synthesized compound. Viz;. antimicrobial, immunodilator, antituberculosis, antielergic and radioprotectves. The synthesis of (AB 101 to 145) will be achieved by acid catalysed cyclocondensation of N-(substituted)-3-oxobutanamide, substituted urea derivatives and 4-(phenoxymethyl) benzaldehyde. The products will be eliminated by spectras,. The newly synthesized compounds will be subjected to various biological activities viz., antimicrobial, anticancer etc.. The synthesis of (AB 146 to 190) will be achieved by acid catalysed cyclocondensation of N-(substitutedphenyl)-4-methyl-3-oxopentanamide, substituted urea and 4-(phenoxymethyl) benzaldehyde. The products will be analyse by spectras.The newly synthesized compounds will be subjected to various biological activities viz., antimicrobial, anticancer etc. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 5 1.4 Some Biological importance of pyrimidines and related heterocycles Recently genetical science is a vast subject of research. To study genetical science, DNA must be decoded. and we know that In the constituents of nucleic acids also pyrimidine exists in form of base. This theory helps treatment of AIDS. The discovery of pyrimidine is itself a big revolution in medical science. Some examples of pyrimidine derivatives are given below which are existing in nucleic acid. (1) reveals diabetogenic action in a number of animals8. . Chapter- 1 General Introduction 6 1.5 Medicinal significance of pyrimidines and related heterocycles. During the last 20 years, the drugs containing pyrimidine are very useful as chemotherapeutic agents . 1.5.1 Antineoplastics and anticancer agents Some other examples of pyrimidine antimetabolite are mopidamol (15)18, nimustine (16)19, raltitrexed (17)20, uramustine (18)21 and trimetrixate (19)22. 1-ÃŽ ²-D-Arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C, 20)23 . These compounds are useful in treatment of cancer and herpes virus infection.While Gemcitabine (21), is useful in the treatment of murine solid tumours24. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 8 1.5.2 Drugs for hyperthyroidism Here are the examples of drug for hyperthyroidism without side effects25. 2-Thiouracil (9c), , Propylthiouracil (9d) thiobarbital (9e) 1.5.3 Antifolates, antibacterials and antiprotozoals Chapter- 1 General Introduction 9 Chapter- 1 General Introduction 10 1.5.4 Sulfa drug 1.5.5 Antivirals and anti-AIDS Pyrimidine is containing antiviral properties also. The most popular derivative is 5-Iododeoxyuridine(IDU) (31)37. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 11 Chapter- 1 General Introduction 12 Chapter- 1 General Introduction 13 1.5.6 Antibiotics Pyrimidine are of multi functional important in medical significance they are good antibiotics also. (42), is used to prevent staphylococcal infections45. While (43), is a cytosine derivative and it is useful in treatment of mycobacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria46. The other (44) and (45)45. And some wide spectrums are Puromycin (46) phleomycin (47a), bleomycin (47b) are containing the pyrimidine ring. tubercidine (48) is also antibiotic which is used as antitumour 46. Bleomycin is an effective derivative for tumor like Hodgkin’s lymphoma and disseminated testicular cancer47. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 14 1.5.7 Antifungals Very common disease found on skin, is fungal infection. But Pyrimidine derivatives are very helpful to solve this problem also because they exhibit antifungal properties also. Flucytosine (49)48 is containing fluorine. And widely strains of candida and Cryptococcus49. And for the treatment of aphthous ulceration Hexitidine50 (50) is used. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 15 1.5.8 Anthelmentics Sometime the patient body creates animal with a long thin body having no legs and no bones are called worms. they are of two types pinworms and roundworms51 .They may cause parasitic attack to body. Pyrantel pamoate (51) is a pyrimidine derivative which can depolarize . 1.5.9 Antitubercular drugs Previously only PABA was known antitubercular drug, now a days pyrimidine derivatives also popular in market like Capreomycin (52).which is made by Streptomyces capreolus and used as second-linebacteriostatic antituberculin drug 52, 53. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 16 In comparison of p-aminosalicyclic acid , Viomycin (53) is more tuberculostatic generally It isused in the treatment of experimental T.B. 1.5.10 CNS active agents 1.5.10.1 Sedative/Hypnotic/Antiepileptic agents Anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic compounds are of very interest and important in medical science. They may have short time or longtime effect to act on body.54, 55 Barbiturates compound series have the needed properties to act as Anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic compounds. and secobarbital are popular as hypnotic barbiturates56 among medical science users. Hexobarbital, cyclobarbital and propallylonal are popular sedative, hypnotics57. In 1932 Eli Lilly58 was the first researcher of secbutabarbital which was introduce in market with the name of barbitone (8) in starting of twentieth century. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 17 1.5.10.2 Anxiolytic agents The depression and anxiousness of body, both action are require in the surgery science. And these two actions are psychotic disease also. Generally psychoanalysts are blessed of these pyrimidine compounds having the psychoactive properties to treat psychosis. buspirone (55), is used to settle anxiety disorders.. It acts as sedative, anticonvulsant and muscle- relaxant effects59. anxiolytic activity is a good example of our interest62. mezilamine (57) is well known as an antipsychotic agent63. Risoperidone (58) is used as antipsychotic. Effective for anti parkinsonian drug64 1.5.10.3 Pyrimidine anaesthetics Anaesthetics actions are require in the surgery science. Thimylal (59) is used for minor surgery. This compound is family member of pyrimidine.65,66. Saxitoxin (60)65 dinoflagellates so, it is pyrimidine containing natural source. 1.5.10.4 Diuretics and uricosuri waste fluids, with the result that we need to urinate more often th. xanthine derivatives (61) are members of fused pyrimidine family. caffeine (61a)67, etamiphylline (61b)68, lomiphylline (61c)69, etophylline70 (61d), theophylline (61e)67 and theodrendaline (61f)71 are commanding examples of this problem. 1.5.11.1 Antihypertensives pyrimidine derivatives are effective as antihypertensive also. Examples are Prazosin (64a), is member of quinozoline family, and it is ÃŽ ±1-adrenergic antagonist74, 75. Other are bunazosin (64b)76, terazosin (64c)77 and trimazosin Chapter- 1 General Introduction 19 (64d)78, ketanserin (65)79 and serotonin-S2 is receptor. It is a triaminopyrimidine derivative, minoxidil (66), can be considered similar to Prazosin,by means of action. These drugs are hopeful in treatment of alopecia, male baldness80. More examples of antihypertensives81, 82. Alfuzocin (67)81, is as effective as urapidil (68)82 ,prescribes for urinary obstruction of prostate hyperplasia. 1.5.11.2 Vasodilators This drugs are highly require and demanding in the fast life the cases of cardiovascular disorder are increasing day by day .in activity of daily life patient is attacked by Parkinson’s syndrome in some cases. For this disease xanthine derivatives are used in broad level. cardiovascular disorders83. xantinol nicotinate84 (70b), containing value of nicotinic acid is helpful to support vascular disorders and pimephylline (70a) and pyridophylline85 (70c). A new dopamine stimulant, pirebidil (71)86 is used in ADL( Activity of DailyLiving) for the patient of Parkinsonâ€℠¢s syndrome. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 20 1.5.11.3 Cardiotonics/Bronchodialators Bronchitis is an illness like a very bad cough,in which our bronchial tubes become sore and infected. Important pyrimidine derivatives acting as drugs are : xanthine derivatives theophylline (61e), aminophylline (72a)87 andproxyphylline (72b)87. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 21 1.5.12 Antihistaminic pyrimidines Histamine affects directly to central nervous system. This is very sensitive to our body and needed to cure very sharply. Low or higher dose of the medicine may cause dangerous effect to body.Taziphylline (73) is more effective than astemizole and terfenadine88. Other example is temelastine (73a)89. With reference of Radiolabelled studies it came to know that it does not penetrate the Central nervous system. while Icotidine (73b), lacks Central nervous system (CNS) activity. It is working effectively on both H1 and H2 receptors90. Pemirolast (74)91, is used for severe asthma and proved best pyrimidine derivative. piprinhydrinate (75)92 is also good medicine having pyrimidine. 1.5.13 Analgesics and NSAID drugs Most common problems are seemed in human being are alcoholism and diabetes mellitus .for these different problems many pyrimidine derivatives are being used like Acetiamine (76a)93, bentiamine (76b)93 and Chapter- 1 General Introduction 22 fursultiamine (76c)94 which are lipid-soluble forms of thiamine (vitamin B1) For lower back pain patients Afloqualone (77)95 is the best anti-inflammatory medicine. Epirazole (78)96 and Proquazone (81)99are proved better medicine because of Nonsteroidal character (anti-inflammatory drugs), Ademetionine (79)97 is basic drug of glucosamine and chondroitin therapy. Octotiamine (80)98, is derivative of vitamin B1. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 23 1.5.14 Metabolic electrolytes In metabolic therapy a pyrimidine derivative Orotic acid (82)100 is useful. To prevent heart failure of patient orate is best to synthesize pyrimidine nucleotides biologically in body as they are main constituents of DNA and RNA. . Chapter- 1 General Introduction 24 1.6 Conclusion

Buddhism: The 4 noble truths Essay -- Buddhist Buddha essays research

Buddhism’s Four Noble Truths Siddharta Gautama was twenty-nine years old when he abandoned his family to search for a means to bring to an end his and other’s suffering after studying meditation for many years. At age thirty-five, Siddharta Gautama sat down under the shade of a fig tree to meditate and he determined to meditate until he reached enlightenment. After seven weeks he received the Great Enlightenment which he referred to as the Four Noble Truths and the Eight-fold Path. Henceforth he became known as the Buddha. In The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching, Thich Nhat Hanh provides a citation from the Buddha, which gives insight into the cure of our distress. â€Å"I teach only suffering and the transformation of suffering† (Thich Nhat Hanh 3). When we recognize and acknowledge our own suffering, the Buddha, which is present in everyone, will look at it, discover what has brought it about, and prescribe a course of action that can transform it into peace, joy, and liberation. Suffering is the means the Buddha used to liberate himself, and it is also the means by which we can become free. The teachings of the Buddha revolve around this central tenant known as the "Four Noble Truths". The Four Noble Truths represent the basis of the Buddha's teaching and form the central foundation of Buddhism. Historically, Lord Buddha preached on these topics during his first public commentary following his enlightenment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Noble Truth states that "Life is Dukkha." Dukkha, in English â€Å"suffering", exists, even that this is the natural and universal state of beings. To live, one must suffer because it is an inevitable part of life, which one cannot avoid. All beings must endure physical suffering as well as enduring psychological suffering the form of many human emotions. Human beings are subject to impermanence and uncertainty which very often, causes us to associate with things that are unpleasant and disassociate with things that are pleasant. This may seem a bit cynical and may suggest to many individuals that Buddhism is a dismal, fatalistic religion yet it just implies we must accept the good with the bad. Buddha’s first noble truth is a statement that can obviously not be denied. In The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching, the author provides insight into the truth of suffering. â€Å"To succeed in the practice, we must stop trying to prove that everything i... ...aintain ourselves clearly on all planes of existence. 8. Right Concentration, samyak samahdi, by establishing and maintaining our focus of appearance, manifestation and being through appropriate concentration, usually named as meditation, dhyana, we are grounded in our unfolding actuality. This is the threshold of Nirvana, to develop the eye of wisdom. Anyone and everyone can achieve the highest goal in Buddhism. All one need to do is to make an honest effort to follow the Noble Eightfold Path. It is said that those who have reached enlightenment, like Buddha Shakyamuni and his disciples took much work to attain that state of mind; it was not accidental. The Buddha and his disciples were once ordinary people, afflicted by the impurities of the mind, desire, ill-will and ignorance. It was through contacting the Dharma and purifying their words, thoughts and deeds. These individuals developed their minds and acquired wisdom so they became exalted beings able to teach and help others to realize the truth. If one applies themselves to the teachings of the Buddha, attainment of the ultimate goal of Buddhism, the goal of liberation, the everlasting bliss of Nirvana can be achieved.

Essay --

In a world of violence and antagonism every day a crime is committed every second of the day. The job of a crime scene technician is to thoroughly study and solve these cases. Is it actually possible to be able to discover who committed the crime? One fiber or clothing or even a strand of hair can lead you to who did it. Solving a crime all depends on putting all the pieces together to form a picture of what could have happened. Crime scene technicians are able to properly observe, document, and collect evidence to find out who committed the crime. Education In the process of becoming a crime scene technician it takes years of education and different courses that must be passed. In the technical school it is required to have a 4 year college degree and bachelors degree in forensic science, criminal justice, crime scene investigation, biology, and chemistry( Echoure 60). In those courses it gives you an overall education on the types of things you will be facing at crime scenes. Many of the required courses include 1-3 years of police work with fingerprints, crime scene experience, photography, and photo processing experience (Calhoun 2). To get into being a crime scene technician you need to have a valid driver's license and a certification from an international association. Having a bachelors degree in all these courses and with years of education does not make the job of a crime scene technician any easier. Qualifications It takes a devoted and educated person to be a crime scene technician. This job is not as easy as most people think it is. To get an optimum outcome while working its best to be patient and work deliberately. A crime scene technician needs to know how to conduct through investigations, work effectively u... ...clude stressful work, long hours, and a lot of pressure from other law enforcement professionals. With devoted time and education you will notice that the good weighs out bad. Some people live in the fear of what could happen day to day not knowing whether they're going to survive or not. Everyday a crime scene technician puts their lives on the line in order to have the satisfaction of helping others. I have great interest in this career because I like the challenge of having to use physical evidence to be able to figure out crime scenes. Solving mysteries by thoroughly studying evidence can help you go a long way when it comes to what you devote your time to. When researching about Crime Scene Technicians I had been inspired by all that they do. There is nothing better than pursuing in a career that satisfies you as a person and almost always benefits others.

Lord of the Flies vs. A Separate Peace Essay

In the World Book Dictionary, jealousy is defined as being in an envious condition or feeling. Many can relate to this feeling, because they have personally experienced jealousy before. Although these people may share a similar feeling, the way each individual acts upon his/her feeling is different. Some just ignore their jealous feeling, hoping that it would quickly go away so that they can go on with their daily lives. Others become so overwhelmed that they actually may act on their emotions, expecting that their action would make them feel better. Usually, the contrary occurs. The person does not feel better about himself; instead, bitter feelings, a loss of respect, or even a loss of friendship are common consequences. In the novels Lord of the Flies by William Golding and A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the characters Jack and Gene both experience jealously towards another person, and their actions, motivations, and feelings all circumnavigate around jealousy. In Lord of the Flies, once Jack realizes that Ralph is going to become chief, he totally changes and becomes the antagonist. First of all, Jack acts out on his jealousy by attempting to harm Ralph. Although Jack’s scheme to kill Ralph is unsuccessful, Ralph is still very close to death. In the novel, the reader knows that Jack is plotting to kill Ralph because Samneric informs Ralph, â€Å"They’re going to hunt you tomorrow†¦[Jack] sharpened a stick at both ends.† When Samneric reports that Jack sharpened a stick at both ends, they imply that Jack’s cult plans to decapitate Ralph and stick the prized possession on an end of the stick like it did to the sow. Jack desires to use the head as an offering for the Beastie, a fictional monster that the boys believe haunts the island. As stated before, Jack decides to create a clan from his motivations that arise because of his jealousy. Moreover, since Jack knows that Ralph is always going to be elected chief no matter how many times the group of boys vote, Jack starts his own clan and elects himself as chief. When he does this, he openly tells his colleagues, â€Å"Anyone who wants to hunt when I do can come too.† By stating this, he is simply persuading people to support his feat. As Jack plans the death of Ralph, he does not feel any sense of remorse or guilt for plotting to kill his old friend. Jack is just excited that there will be a big hunt for Ralph. Gene also transforms drastically in A Separate Peace after he realizes that he will never be as athletic as Finny. Finny has always been able to accomplish goals and achievements that no one else can reach. Furthermore, Gene becomes jealous. In response to his covetousness, Gene harms Finny by â€Å"[taking] a step toward [Finny], and then [Gene’s] knees bent and [Gene] jounced the limb.† Gene does this so quickly that he does not realize the consequences in jerking the tree limb. He does not know that his action would affect the rest of Finny’s life. Unlike Jack though, Gene does not seek the support of his friends. All Gene wants is for Finny to understand that Gene did not hurt Finny on purpose, and he is greatly sorry. However, when Gene attempts to explain this to Finny, Finny just brushes it off and tries to convince Gene otherwise. He says, â€Å"I don’t know, I must have just lost my balance. It must have been that†¦I just fell.† Another difference is that after Gene shakes the limb and makes Finny fall and break his leg, he feels guilty about his act of jealousy. Gene actually goes up to Finny numerous times to explain that Gene was actually the one who made Finny break his leg, but Finny does not listen. Finny just stubbornly sticks to his reason to â€Å"[being] clumsy and not watching where [he] was stepping.† Ultimately, Gene is immersed with sorrow and guilt. His envy for Finny not only backfires; it creates endless shame and remorse. In the novels Lord of the Flies by William Golding and A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the main characters’ actions, motivations, and feelings are all outcomes of their jealousy towards another. Jack and Gene share the similarity of attempting to harm another due to their envious motivation. Yet, they are different as seen through their ultimate feelings. Both Jack and Gene aspire to become equal to their rivals, even if they must harm their friends to accomplish self-fulfillment. In the end, Gene suffers from guilt while Jack cannot be more pleased when his newly established clan obeys him to kill Ralph. Richard Griper says it best: â€Å"Jealousy is nothing unless you act upon it.†

How a Bill Becomes a Law Essay

Nearly 10 percent of children in the United States suffer from asthma, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dealing with a chronic health condition like asthma has several significant effects on a child’s lifestyle. Childhood should be fun and carefree, but kids with asthma have to take on some very big worries and responsibilities. They need to learn which symptoms and events are likely to trigger an attack, such as cold weather, exercise, stressful situations and exposure to secondhand smoke. Kids, their families and other caregivers must all learn to recognize the signs of an attack and how to respond to it quickly, such as using a steroid inhaler during acute attacks. Some kids also take daily maintenance medications, such as bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, which may reduce the risk of future attacks. Being active is a key component of being healthy and physical activity is a major part of many kids’ lives. However, kids with ast hma often have limitations that make it difficult to participate in sports, active playground games and activities like dancing. Asthma doesn’t usually prevent kids from participating in these events, but they are often at greater risk of experiencing an asthma attack in these situations. Both the children and the adults on the sidelines need to be aware of the possibility that an asthma attack could occur and what to do if it does. Anything that makes a child stand out can cause feelings of embarrassment and even shame. Kids with asthma may fear having an attack at school, or feel uncomfortable about having to use an inhaler in the presence of their friends. They may feel left out when they can’t always participate in activities with their peers. Having any serious, chronic illness is scary, and kids with asthma need extra emotional support to develop additional coping skills. Asthma often causes missed school days and these absences from school can quickly lead to a child falling behind. Kids with asthma may need extra tutoring to keep up with their classes, and understanding teachers who are aware of their students’ health issues are crucial. In some cases, severe or frequent asthma-related illness and hospitalization may even require parents to consi der homeschooling. Parents of children who have asthma often worry constantly about their child. When a child is first diagnosed with asthma there tends to be frequent emergency room visits due to the fear of the parents for their child’s safety. This situation impacts the whole family. Places that are unhealthy for an asthma  sufferer are avoided, which can keep the other family members from having these experiences. The direct costs of asthma are estimated at more than $9.4 billion. This cost is born by individuals, families, health systems and insurance providers according to the Allergy and Asthma Advocate.

Find a multinational trading or manufacturing organisation of your Research Paper

Find a multinational trading or manufacturing organisation of your choice. Describe and evaluate the changing business environme - Research Paper Example Also explored in this paper is the impact of change on the organizational structure and general performance of the company. Performance was assessed through a comparative analysis of the company’s strengths and that of the competitors. Financial reports were also used to establish the trends of performance as they relate to the various changes undertaken by the company. Introduction PepsiCo Inc., remains one of the leading food and beverage companies both in the United States and in different parts of the world. Over the years, the company has undergone structural and managerial changes aimed towards enhancing its market profile and general performance. Longitudinal inquiries into the company’s potential show that the company has continued to post impressive financial results as a result of strategic changes in its internal systems and supply chain (Bachmeier 141). PepsiCo’s expansion into Asia, Europe, Africa, and other parts of the world demonstrates a determin ed agenda of breaking into new market segments beyond its original geographical niche. The same determination manifests itself through the mergers, acquisitions, and purchases that the company has undertaken in the course of its operation. ... A diversified range of products remains one of the strongest selling points by which PepsiCo manages to maintain an impressive lead on the global market. It might be argued that some of the changes that relate to the company’s change of profile are necessarily linked to market forces, which tend to favor multinationals and bid corporations. On this note, it remains evident that the changes in the processes and structures of the company had some significant impacts in terms of growth and profitability. Sustained competition with other food and beverage companies on the market has occasioned a shift in production methods with the aim of retaining its hold on the market share. The reliance on both carbonated and un-carbonated drinks has allowed the company to attend to the diverse tastes of the market, which also translates into increased revenue flow. One of the competitive advantages that PepsiCo enjoys over its main rival is the diverse product range. Essentially, the performa nce of PepsiCo could be assessed from the perspective of the various factors that attend to the dynamics of global competition. Consistently, PepsiCo has engaged in strategic corporate social responsibility programs that are aimed at promoting healthy nutrition in the wider society. This strategy weighs into public concerns of proper nutrition in the wake of diet-related lifestyle diseases. The Business Environment PepsiCo operates in a highly competitive business environment particularly because it relates to the health and nutrition of populations. The food and beverage business environment attracts new players every year due to the high returns on capital for the successful ventures. The competitive nature of the environment

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

History - Essay Example The Jewish police even shot at sight if they spied the inmates trying to escape. For example, they had shot at Leib Zelkowicz with a 7.65 pistol in July 1941, when he tried to escape. Leib had been at the Litzmannstadt Ghetto since June 1940, but made his escape in 1941 and thereafter worked on the farms in the county of Gostynin. The speech by Chaim Rumkoivski on May 15th 1944 (L9) sheds light on the deportation of the Jews. He explains that though the ghetto already had a population of 140,000 people, yet they were going to take in an additional 23,000. Nevertheless, the authorities have taken a decision of deporting about 10,000 from their ghetto. The people assigned to be deported are those individuals who were harmful to the ghetto and the underworld dons. Chaim refers to these people as a ‘festering boil’ and because of their behavior they asked for this kind of fate. (L9) He tells them that his commission of trusted aides chooses the people for deportation and he asks them not to make an appeal to remain at the ghetto. He also assures them that these deportees will not remain behind wire but would be given a chance to work on the farms. In the (W2) document by Michael Berenbaum2 (ed.) we come to understand how innocent people in the ghetto face the death row even though they were not guilty of any crime. The order that was passed was that 100 Jews and 10 Order Service men would be executed because they had opposed order by the German policemen. The atrocity was that the 10 patrolmen were not guilty of any crime but yet were given orders by the German City Police to be executed. Though a petition was put in for a curfew, the action taken for it was very slow. In the (W4) document we get a clear picture of the brutality exhibited by the Jewish police. They were violent and merciless and dragged women and children by their hands and feet and threw them on the wagons to be executed. The police also beat those who tried to escape. The Jewish poli ce did not mind killing their own kind too. They meted out inhuman treatment to those criminals who refused to go voluntarily to their death. In the (W4) the document gives evidence of ‘The Jewish Council’ being part and parcel of the illegal activities of the police and this was the group that took many decisions involving the deportation of the ghetto inmates. The following sentence in (W4) is proof of their nefarious activities - The officials of the Jewish Council also cooperated in the "operation," as did the service of the KAM-City Aid Committee. The Jewish police were considered to be the ‘chief culprits’ for the mass slaughters that took place. (W4) According to the documents of (K1) about the Kovino Ghetto,3 there was a great massacre of around 10,000 people at one time on 28th October, 1941. Neither the Jewish Council nor the police show any sympathy during the ‘selection’ (K1) The heartrending screams and cries of the people fell onl y on deaf ears as they were led to their miserable death. These details we come to understand through the (K1) document which was a letter from a father to his daughter who was an eye witness to the

PMI and factors for problems solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PMI and factors for problems solving - Essay Example To solve this problem, PMI needs to address the basic issue of illegal selling and must attempt to make fundamental changes in the way it does its business. It is imperative that therefore the best solution for PMI would be to re-assess its selling strategy in order to align it with the market. Market trends are clearly showing a very diverging view as in comparison to PMI's current strategy therefore a complete revamp of its strategies including further refinements in its segmentation as well as supply chain management. This will allow PMI to be successful because it will re-focus its strategy on aligning it with external reality as well as it will allow PMI to further refine its internal strengths to meet external threats. From the facts provided in case study, it seems that eBay is battling on many grounds especially on ensuring secure, transparent and ethical trade. Since eBay is a unique business model where it earns its revenue by performing the role of an intermediary therefore it somehow kept itself protected from the disputes arising out due to fraudulent and illegal transactions using eBay as a channel. Since eBay has not transformed itself into a global company therefore the immediate groups of people who have a role to play as a response to eBay's problems are the buyers and sellers

Personal Ethic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Ethic - Essay Example My friends and close family relatives taught me to respect other people, show them empathy and uphold my integrity in order to earn respect from others. In this case, my interactions with friends are based on the ethical values and some important behaviours include calmness, cooperation and mutual trust in resolving conflicts with colleagues. Another behaviour that is important to me is the ability to listen carefully to alternative views and treat others with respect. My personal ethics implies that I am capable of making prudent decisions and handling difficult situations in a group. During situations when my values are in conflict, my integrity and honest takes priority since these values enable me make the most appropriate decision in difficult circumstances. My personal commitment to a world of justice and equal opportunities has shaped my value priorities since integrity enables me do the right thing and remain non-judgmental or desist from conflicts of interest that my hinder me from making the most ethical decisions. Some of the principles that I follow include the trust, privacy, transparency, freedom of speech and conscience. I am reasonable and my personal ethics is guided by the desire to attain justice, autonomy, independence, compassion and respect for others. I can attain these ideal goals through fostering free speech, respecting individual privacy, being trustworthy and ensuring transparency. I will be courageous and I will embody justice in order to make responsible choices. Some behaviours that I advocate for include fair treatment of individuals, fair justice processes, fair compensation and avoidance of bullying or abusive behaviours during conflicts. I am capable of managing situations that may not be aligned with my personal ethics by avoiding my ethical blind spots through considering my ethical principles of independence, justice, autonomy and compassion while interacting with

Criminal Law (Damage to Property) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Law (Damage to Property) - Essay Example The Criminal Damage Act 1971 has three different types of criminal damage offences: simple criminal damage which is covered under section 1(1), aggravated criminal damage under section 1(2) and Criminal damage by arson under section 1(3) (Crown Prosecution Services, 2011). This Act does not define what damage is or what may be assumed to be damage under certain circumstances, which has led to courts construing the term freely. The Act also does not limit damage to large scale life threatening destruction of property, small acts like smearing mud in a police cell’s walls is also considered a criminal offence under this law. The maximum punishment for an aggravated and arson criminal damage is life imprisonment. All other offences covered under this act attract a maximum penalty of ten years. Horace’s Liability In the first case scenario, Horace knowingly tinkers with the shop’s lock so that it may temporarily refuse to open. He causes this damage with the intent of making it possible for his boss to attend the Tennis Finals at Wimbledon. However, Horace’s well intentioned act is not appreciated by his boss who would rather open his shop than attend the match. He (the owner) is forced to close shop the whole day since he cannot secure a new part for the lock. According to the law, what Horace has committed is a simple criminal damage.... He causes this damage with the intent of making it possible for his boss to attend the Tennis Finals at Wimbledon. However, Horace’s well intentioned act is not appreciated by his boss who would rather open his shop than attend the match. He (the owner) is forced to close shop the whole day since he cannot secure a new part for the lock. According to the law, what Horace has committed is a simple criminal damage. S.1(1) of the Criminal Damage Act 1971 states that an individual is guilty of a criminal damage offence if he or she recklessly or intentionally destroys or damages property that belongs to another without any lawful excuse. Horace causes temporary damage to the shop’s lock so that it can stay closed on the day of the tennis finals at Wimbledon. He has committed an offence by knowingly damaging property that dos not belong to him (Ashworth, 1991). However, Horace did believe that he was doing his boss a favour by tinkering with the padlock. His action may have a lawful excuse since he believed that his boss’s attending to the shop was just as important as attending the tennis finals at Wimbledon. Under section 5 part 1 of the Criminal Damage Act 1971, a lawful excuse may exist if at the time of the damaging act the person accused of the offence â€Å"believed that the person or persons whom he believed to be entitled to consent to the destruction of or damage to the property in question had so consented, or would have so consented to it if he or they had known of the destruction or damage and its circumstances† (Crown Prosecution Services, 2011). Part b of the same subsection allows for lawful excuse if the accused party caused damage or destruction to property so as to protect